Synthesis of single-crystalline spinel LiMn<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>Nanorods for lithium-ion batteries with high rate capability and long cycle life

Abstract

© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. The long-standing challenge associated with capacity fading of spinel LiMn2O4cathode material for lithiumion batteries is investigated. Single-crystalline spinel LiMn2O4nanorods were successfully synthesized by a template-engaged method. Porous Mn3O4 nanorods were used as selfsacrificial templates, into which LiOH was infiltrated by a vacuum-assisted impregnation route. When used as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the spinel LiMn2O4nanorods exhibited superior long cycle life owing to the one-dimensional nanorod structure, single-crystallinity, and Li-rich effect. LiMn2O4nanorods retained 95.6% of the initial capacity after 1000 cycles at 3C rate. In particular, the nanorod morphology of the spinel LiMn2O4was well-preserved after a long-term cycling, suggesting the ultrahigh structural stability of the single crystalline spinel LiMn2O4nanorods. This result shows the promising applications of single-crystalline spinel LiMn2O4nanorods as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries with high rate capability and long cycle life.