Submicron and nano formulations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide stimulate unique cellular toxicological responses in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Gunawan, C; Sirimanoonphan, A; Teoh, WY; Marquis, CP; Amal, R

Submicron and nano formulations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide stimulate unique cellular toxicological responses in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Gunawan, C

Sirimanoonphan, A Teoh, WY Marquis, CP Amal, R

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 260 pp. 984 - 992
Issue Date:: 2013-09-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Gunawan, C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2957-1347	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Sirimanoonphan, A	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Teoh, WY	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Marquis, CP	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Amal, R	en_US
dc.date.available	2013-06-26	en_US
dc.date.issued	2013-09-15	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 260 pp. 984 - 992	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0304-3894	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/36313
dc.description.abstract	The work investigates the eco-cytoxicity of submicron and nano TiO2 and ZnO, arising from the unique interactions of freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to soluble and undissolved components of the metal oxides. In a freshwater medium, submicron and nano TiO2 exist as suspended aggregates with no-observable leaching. Submicron and nano ZnO undergo comparable concentration-dependent fractional leaching, and exist as dissolved zinc and aggregates of undissolved ZnO. Cellular internalisation of solid TiO2 stimulates cellular ROS generation as an early stress response. The cellular redox imbalance was observed for both submicron and nano TiO2 exposure, despite exhibiting benign effects on the alga proliferation (8-day EC50>100mgTiO2/L). Parallel exposure of C. reinhardtii to submicron and nano ZnO saw cellular uptake of both the leached zinc and solid ZnO and resulting in inhibition of the alga growth (8-day EC50≥0.01mgZnO/L). Despite the sensitivity, no zinc-induced cellular ROS generation was detected, even at 100mgZnO/L exposure. Taken together, the observations confront the generally accepted paradigm of cellular oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of particles. The knowledge of speciation of particles and the corresponding stimulation of unique cellular responses and cytotoxicity is vital for assessment of the environmental implications of these materials. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Hazardous Materials	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.067	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Strategic, Defence & Security Studies	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Titanium	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Zinc Oxide	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Reactive Oxygen Species	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Water Pollutants, Chemical	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Microscopy, Fluorescence	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Toxicity Tests	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Ecosystem	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Fresh Water	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Oxidation-Reduction	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Oxidative Stress	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Particle Size	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Nanotechnology	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Time Factors	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Metal Nanoparticles	en_US
dc.title	Submicron and nano formulations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide stimulate unique cellular toxicological responses in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	260	en_US
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	03 Chemical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	05 Environmental Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	09 Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - ithree - Institute of Infection, Immunity and Innovation
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	260	en_US

Abstract:

The work investigates the eco-cytoxicity of submicron and nano TiO2 and ZnO, arising from the unique interactions of freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to soluble and undissolved components of the metal oxides. In a freshwater medium, submicron and nano TiO2 exist as suspended aggregates with no-observable leaching. Submicron and nano ZnO undergo comparable concentration-dependent fractional leaching, and exist as dissolved zinc and aggregates of undissolved ZnO. Cellular internalisation of solid TiO2 stimulates cellular ROS generation as an early stress response. The cellular redox imbalance was observed for both submicron and nano TiO2 exposure, despite exhibiting benign effects on the alga proliferation (8-day EC50>100mgTiO2/L). Parallel exposure of C. reinhardtii to submicron and nano ZnO saw cellular uptake of both the leached zinc and solid ZnO and resulting in inhibition of the alga growth (8-day EC50≥0.01mgZnO/L). Despite the sensitivity, no zinc-induced cellular ROS generation was detected, even at 100mgZnO/L exposure. Taken together, the observations confront the generally accepted paradigm of cellular oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of particles. The knowledge of speciation of particles and the corresponding stimulation of unique cellular responses and cytotoxicity is vital for assessment of the environmental implications of these materials. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/36313