Red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) antivenom prevents the toxicity of widow spider venoms

Graudins, A; Padula, M; Broady, K; Nicholson, GM

Red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) antivenom prevents the toxicity of widow spider venoms

Graudins, A

Padula, M

Broady, K Nicholson, GM

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2001, 37 (2), pp. 154 - 160
Issue Date:: 2001-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Graudins, A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-3983	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Padula, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8283-0643	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Broady, K	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Nicholson, GM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-4296	en_US
dc.date.issued	2001-01-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2001, 37 (2), pp. 154 - 160	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0196-0644	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/4522
dc.description.abstract	Study objectives: Widow spiders of the genus Latrodectus are found worldwide and produce similar clinical envenomation syndromes. In Australia, red-back spider antivenom (RBS-AV) is effective therapy for Latrodectus hasselti envenomation and it has been reported to reverse envenomation by other widow spiders. This study assessed the efficacy of RBS-AV in preventing in vitro and in vivo toxicity of widow spider venoms of North America and Europe. Methods: The binding of RBS-AV to α-latrotoxin and Latrodectus venoms (Latrodectus spp mactans, hesperus, lugubris, tredecimguttatus, hasselt) was assayed using Western blotting. Prevention of in vitro toxicity to α-latrotoxin and the same venoms was tested by pretreating an isolated chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation with RBS-AV. Prevention of in vivo toxicity was determined by a lethality study in male Balb/c mice to (2.5 to 5× median lethal dose [LD50]) or α-latrotoxin (10× LD50) preincubated with antivenom or without RBS-AV (control). Results: In Western blots, RBS-AV bound to α-latrotoxin and similar widow spider proteins in all venoms tested, indicating antigenic similarity with proteins found in RBS venom. Antivenom prevented the typical in vitro muscle contracture and loss of twitch tension seen with α-latrotoxin and the venoms tested. Control mice rapidly developed signs of envenomation, but mice treated with RBS-AV remained free of signs of envenomation. Conclusion: RBS-AV prevented both in vitro and in vivo toxicity from Latrodectus venoms and α-latrotoxin in mice. These data suggest that RBS-AV may be clinically effective in the treatment of envenomation resulting from the bite of other widow spiders.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Annals of Emergency Medicine	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1067/mem.2001.113033	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Emergency & Critical Care Medicine	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Animals	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Mice, Inbred BALB C	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Humans	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Mice	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Black Widow Spider	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Arachnidism	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Disease Models, Animal	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Spider Venoms	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Antivenins	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Blotting, Western	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Drug Evaluation, Preclinical	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Lethal Dose 50	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	North America	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Australia	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Europe	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Male	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Spider Bites	en_US
dc.title	Red-back spider (Latrodectus hasselti) antivenom prevents the toxicity of widow spider venoms	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	2	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	37	en_US
utslib.for	110705 Humoural Immunology and Immunochemistry	en_US
utslib.for	060101 Analytical Biochemistry	en_US
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHT - Health Technologies
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	2	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	37	en_US

Abstract:

Study objectives: Widow spiders of the genus Latrodectus are found worldwide and produce similar clinical envenomation syndromes. In Australia, red-back spider antivenom (RBS-AV) is effective therapy for Latrodectus hasselti envenomation and it has been reported to reverse envenomation by other widow spiders. This study assessed the efficacy of RBS-AV in preventing in vitro and in vivo toxicity of widow spider venoms of North America and Europe. Methods: The binding of RBS-AV to α-latrotoxin and Latrodectus venoms (Latrodectus spp mactans, hesperus, lugubris, tredecimguttatus, hasselt) was assayed using Western blotting. Prevention of in vitro toxicity to α-latrotoxin and the same venoms was tested by pretreating an isolated chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation with RBS-AV. Prevention of in vivo toxicity was determined by a lethality study in male Balb/c mice to (2.5 to 5× median lethal dose [LD50]) or α-latrotoxin (10× LD50) preincubated with antivenom or without RBS-AV (control). Results: In Western blots, RBS-AV bound to α-latrotoxin and similar widow spider proteins in all venoms tested, indicating antigenic similarity with proteins found in RBS venom. Antivenom prevented the typical in vitro muscle contracture and loss of twitch tension seen with α-latrotoxin and the venoms tested. Control mice rapidly developed signs of envenomation, but mice treated with RBS-AV remained free of signs of envenomation. Conclusion: RBS-AV prevented both in vitro and in vivo toxicity from Latrodectus venoms and α-latrotoxin in mice. These data suggest that RBS-AV may be clinically effective in the treatment of envenomation resulting from the bite of other widow spiders.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/4522