The development and comparison of collection techniques for inorganic and organic gunshot residues

Taudte, RV; Roux, C; Blanes, L; Horder, M; Kirkbride, KP; Beavis, A

The development and comparison of collection techniques for inorganic and organic gunshot residues

Taudte, RV

Roux, C

Blanes, L Horder, M Kirkbride, KP

Beavis, A

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016, 408 (10), pp. 2567 - 2576
Issue Date:: 2016-04-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Taudte, RV https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-6063	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Roux, C https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-420X	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Blanes, L	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Horder, M	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Kirkbride, KP https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7666-4039	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Beavis, A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-7699	en_US
dc.date.available	2016-01-22	en_US
dc.date.issued	2016-04-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016, 408 (10), pp. 2567 - 2576	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	1618-2642	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/51619
dc.description.abstract	© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016. The detection and interpretation of gunshot residues (GSR) plays an important role in the investigation of firearm-related events. Commonly, the analysis focuses on inorganic particles incorporating elements derived from the primer. However, recent changes in ammunition formulations and possibility that particles from non-firearm sources can be indistinguishable from certain primer particles challenge the standard operational protocol and call for adjustments, namely the combination of inorganic and organic GSR analysis. Two protocols for the combined collection and subsequent analysis of inorganic and organic GSR were developed and optimised for 15 compounds potentially present in organic GSR (OGSR). These protocols were conceptualised to enable OGSR analysis by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with UV detection and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (confirmation) and IGSR analysis by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Using liquid extraction, the extraction recoveries from spiked swabs and stubs were ∼80 % (50-98 % for swabs, 64-98 % for stubs). When the mixed OGSR standard was applied to the hands and recovered in the way that is usual for IGSR collection, GSR stubs performed significantly better than swabs (~30 %) for the collection of OGSR. The optimised protocols were tested and compared for combined OGSR and inorganic GSR analysis using samples taken at a shooting range. The most suitable protocol for combined collection and analysis of IGSR and OGSR involved collection using GSR stubs followed by SEM-EDX analysis and liquid extraction using acetone followed by analysis with UHPLC.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1007/s00216-016-9357-7	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Analytical Chemistry	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Inorganic Chemicals	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Organic Chemicals	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Microscopy, Electron, Scanning	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Firearms	en_US
dc.title	The development and comparison of collection techniques for inorganic and organic gunshot residues	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	10	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	408	en_US
utslib.for	0301 Analytical Chemistry	en_US
utslib.for	0399 Other Chemical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	03 Chemical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	06 Biological Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	09 Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CFS - Centre for Forensic Science
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	10	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	408	en_US

Abstract:

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016. The detection and interpretation of gunshot residues (GSR) plays an important role in the investigation of firearm-related events. Commonly, the analysis focuses on inorganic particles incorporating elements derived from the primer. However, recent changes in ammunition formulations and possibility that particles from non-firearm sources can be indistinguishable from certain primer particles challenge the standard operational protocol and call for adjustments, namely the combination of inorganic and organic GSR analysis. Two protocols for the combined collection and subsequent analysis of inorganic and organic GSR were developed and optimised for 15 compounds potentially present in organic GSR (OGSR). These protocols were conceptualised to enable OGSR analysis by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with UV detection and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (confirmation) and IGSR analysis by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Using liquid extraction, the extraction recoveries from spiked swabs and stubs were ∼80 % (50-98 % for swabs, 64-98 % for stubs). When the mixed OGSR standard was applied to the hands and recovered in the way that is usual for IGSR collection, GSR stubs performed significantly better than swabs (~30 %) for the collection of OGSR. The optimised protocols were tested and compared for combined OGSR and inorganic GSR analysis using samples taken at a shooting range. The most suitable protocol for combined collection and analysis of IGSR and OGSR involved collection using GSR stubs followed by SEM-EDX analysis and liquid extraction using acetone followed by analysis with UHPLC.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/51619